Serum nerve growth factor levels in autistic children in Turkish population: A preliminary study.

Background & objectives: It has been hypothesized that abnormal levels of serum nerve growth factor (NGF) may represent a serological marker for autistic children who may develop cognitive impairment, regression and finally epilepsy. The objective of this preliminary study was to measure serum NGF concentrations of autistic children and compare these levels with those of healthy children. Methods: Consecutive children who were referred to the Paediatric Neurology and Child Psychiatry Policlinics of Dr. Behçet Uz Child Disease and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Turkey between February and September 2008 were included in the study. Serum samples were analyzed for NGF levels using ChemiKine NGF Sandwich ELISA Kit. Comparisons between the study and the control groups were made using student’s t test and Chi-square test. Results: Forty-nine autistic children and an equal number of healthy children (control group) were included in the study. No significant difference was found between the study and the control groups in terms of children’s age, while number of boys was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the study group. Average serum NGF concentrations were 46.94 ± 51.40 and 32.94 ± 12.48 pg/ml in the study and control group, respectively. Serum NGF concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the study group compared with the control group. Interpretation & conclusions: Our preliminary findings show that enhanced serum NGF concentration may be used as a potential diagnostic tool in autism, however, further studies including a large number of patients are required to confirm the findings.

Parálisis facial alternante en una niña con hipertensión arterial: Informe de un caso / Alternating facial paralysis in a girl with hypertension: Case report

La parálisis de Bell es la causa más común de parálisis del nervio facial unilateral en la infancia. Aunque el diagnóstico depende de la exclusión de otras causas menos comunes, como infecciosas, traumáticas, asociada a tumores o a hipertensión, los pediatras tienden a diagnosticar la parálisis idiopática de Bell siempre que un niño presenta parálisis facial. En este informe se presenta una niña de ocho años con parálisis facial recurrente y alternante como primer síntoma de hipertensión arterial sistémica. Recibió tratamiento con esteroides sin previa medición de la tensión arterial, lo cual pudo agravar su cuadro. Debe tenerse en cuenta esta asociación y medir siempre la tensión arterial antes de considerar la terapia con esteroides para la parálisis de Bell. Deben tenerse en cuenta las causas menos comunes de parálisis facial adquirida, especialmente cuando se presentan episodios recurrentes y alternantes.

Bell's palsy is the most common cause of acquired unilateral facial nerve palsy in childhood. Although the diagnosis depends on the exclusion of less common causes such as infectious, traumatic, malignancy associated and hypertension associated etiologies, pediatricians tend to diagnose idiopatic Bell's palsy whenever a child admits with acquired facial weakness. In this report, we present an eight year old girl, presenting with recurrent and alternant facial palsy as the frst symptom of systemic hypertension. She received steroid treatment without measuring blood pressure and this could worsen hypertension. Clinicians should be aware of this association and not neglect to measure the blood pressure before considering steroid therapy for Bell's palsy. In addition, the less common causes of acquired facial palsy should be kept in mind, especially when recurrent and alternant courses occur.

Multiple cavernous malformations with supravermian arachnoid cyst.

Cerebral cavernous malformation are congenital vascular abnormalities that have been reported in 0.4% of the population; they represent 5-13% of all cerebrovascular malformations. Onset of cerebral cavernous malformations may be associated with seizures, intracranial hemorrhages, focal neurological deficit or migraine-type headaches. Some patients may require surgical intervention due to hemorrhage. Multiple cavernomas in childhood have been reported in the literature, but they are rare. This manuscript presents a 12-year-old girl with multiple cavernomas accompanied by supravermian arachnoid cyst detected by neuroimaging techniques. This is the first report that demonstrates a case of pediatric multiple cavernous malformation coexisting with arachnoid cyst of the supravermian cistern.

Arachnoid cyst with growth hormone deficiency.

On clinical grounds, arachnoid cysts are usually associated with neurological dysfunction. Little is known concerning their involvement in endocrine disorders. A seven-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of an unprovoked afebrile seizure. His neurological examination was normal, however, he had growth retardation. Insulin tolerance and L-dopa growth hormone stimulation tests revealed an inefficient growth hormone response. An MRI of hypophysis and cranium yielded a shift of hypophysis and a large arachnoid cyst.